过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是'过去的过去'。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到.              E.g. By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there.       其结构是'had+过去分词'.

  它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g. I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.  I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.  Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock?

  它通常和before, by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用. 另外, 复合句的主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时.  e.g. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before.

   做题时常见错误如下：  一、had形式易写错

例：He hads (have) gone home when I got to his office.   答案：had                 析：have/has 的过去式都为had, had 在过去完成时中也是助动词, 不能再有单三人称的变化.

二、易与现在完成时弄混

　例：He asked what I have (have) said.          答案：had

 解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果．而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果．

三、易与一般过去时弄混

例：She lived (live) in New York for eight years before he came to China.答案：had lived

 解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时

1 When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.

 A has; been sent   B had; sent   C has; sent  D had; been sent

2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.

 A had learned   B  learned   C have learned   D will have learned

3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry.

 A has had   B hasn't have   C have had  D hadn't had

4 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.

 A have been   B have   C had been  D will

5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.

 A has left; comes   B had left; would come   C had left; came   D left; had come

6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.

 A had enjoyed   B was enjoying   C have enjoyed   D have been enjoying

7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.

 A has begun; get  B has been on; get  C had begun; got  D had been on; got     二、1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave).

2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.

3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.

4 It ____  _____ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning.

5 I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before.

6 She said she____ (be) born in 1992.

7 When he _____(come) to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.

8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____(not see) each other since left Beijing.

9 When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed.

10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____(come) back.

 答案：１D  2 A  3 D  4 C  5 C  6 A  7 C

 答案：1 had left   2 had finished   3 had studied   4 had stopped   5 didn't read

       6 was    7 came   had learned   8 hadn't seen    9 had gone  

       10 had come