Unit 4 TV Programmes
语法指南
1. 表示时间的介词短语“from…to…”“between…and…”
★from…to…表示“从某时到某时”。如：
①He works from nice o’clock until five o’clock. 他从九点工作到五点
②The Han Dynasty was from 206 BC to 220 AD. 汉朝是从公元前206年到公元220年。
③“World of Animals” is from 8:30 to 9:10 every Wednesday evening on Channel 10.
《动物世界》每周晚8:30到9:10在十频道播出。
【注】在“from…to…”结构中的两个名词，前面通常不带冠词或人称代词，但可以用“from one +名词 + to another”的形式，（不包括专有名词）。
④The period from the War of Independence to the Civil War is the babyhood of the United States.
从独立战争到内战这个时期是美国的婴儿期。
★between…and…意思是“在……之间，在……中间”。如：
①Don’t eat between two meals. 正餐之间不要吃零食。
②Many changes took place in the world between the two world wars.
两次世界大战之间，全球发生了很大的变化。
③Usually he feels very tired between 12 o’clock and 1 o’clock.
通常他在十二点到一点间感到很困。
④It’s cheaper between 6 pm and 8 am.
下午六点到早晨八点间价钱比较便宜。
2. 表示时间的连词“before”，“after”和“until”
★before作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“在……前”。以before引导的时间状误从句，既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如果从句放在主句之前，一般要用逗号把它与主句隔开。
①Please see me before you go. 你走以前请来看我。
②Think well before you decide. 深思熟虑以后你再作决定。
③Do it before you forget it. 尽快动手，别忘了。
④Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，再做先生。
⑤They had not known each other long before they got married. 他俩认识不久就结婚了。
⑥Did she leave a message before she left? 她走之前留条了吗？
★after作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”。以after引导的时间状语从句，既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如果从句放在主句之前，一般要用逗号把它与主句隔开。
①I’ll call you after I have spoken to them. 我和他们谈过以后会打电话给你。
②Several years after they’d split up, they met again by chance in Paris.
他们离婚几年后在巴黎偶尔遇见了。
③After the work was done, se sat down to sum up experience.
做完工作，我们坐下来总结经验。
④I found the letter long after he had gone away.
他走后很久我才发现了那封信。
★until (till)作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“到……时；直到……为止”。以until引导的时间状语从句，既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如果从句放在主句之前，一般要用逗号把它与主句隔开。以till引导的时间状语从句，只能放在主句之后。
①I’ll wait until he arrives and then I’ll leave. 我要等他来以后再离开。
②Go straight on until you come to a large red building.
一直往前，走到一幢高大的红色建筑物为止。
③Let’s wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停吧。
④The teacher kept on asking the students questions until (till) the bell rang.
老师反复向学生提问，直到下课铃响。
⑤He continued working up till (until) he died. 他一直工作到去世。
⑥Until you told me I had no idea of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。
3. while / as的用法
★while用作连词，意为“在……期间”“当……时候”。它表示某个动作正在进行时另一个动作发生了；还可以表示某个动作还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。它只表示时间段，所以从句的谓语动词必须用持续性动词或状态动词。其时态一般限于进行时或状态动词的一般时。如：
①My father fell asleep while he was reading the newspaper.
我父亲在看报时睡着了。
②While mother was cooking, father was repairing the bookcase.
当妈妈在烧饭时，爸爸在修书架。
③While my uncle is away on holiday, I’m going to stay in his house of a week.
我叔叔外出度假时，我将在他家呆一个星期。
④While I was sleeping, a thief entered the house.
我睡觉时，小偷进了我的屋。
★while还可以表示“然而”，用作两个人或物的比较。如：
①I like music while my brother likes sports.
我喜欢音乐而我的哥哥喜欢体育。
②Girls do well in Chinese while boys are good at maths.
女孩的语文好而男孩的数学好。
③Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
点点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。
★while也可用作“只要”解，相当于as long as。如：
①While there is water, there is life. 只要有水就有生命。
②While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
★as作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，强调at the same time，不指先后，而指同时发生，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：
①As you leave, please take a raincoat with you. 当你离开时，请随身带件雨衣。
②She dances as she sings. 她一边跳一边唱。
★as作连词用，可引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，语气较because弱。如：
①As he had some exercises to grade, he didn’t go with us.
因为他有一些练习要批改，他没和我们一起去。
②As it is raining hard, you’d better put on your raincoat.
由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。
③As he didn’t know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “cough”.
由于他对英语懂得不多，他拿出他的字典查找cough这个词。
★as作连词用，可引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”“如同”。如：
①You must do everything as I do. 你必须如同我做的一样来做每一件事。
②When at Rome, do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。（在罗马时就要像罗马人那样做）
③Please do as I told you. 请按照我告诉你的去做。
4. 副词的比较等级和最高级
★副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式和形容词相同，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。大部分双音节词和多音节词，前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原 级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词，词尾加-er, -est late
early later
earlier latest
earliest
大部分双章节词和多音节词，前面加more, most carefully
slowly more carefully
more slowly most carefully
most slowly
不规则变化：
原 级 比较级 最高级
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
★副词的比较级和最高级的常用结构：
①as + 副词原级 + as意为“与……一样”，表示同级比较。如：
She sings as sweetly as an angel. 她歌唱得像天使一样甜。
I can run as fast as 30 miles an hour. 我能一小时跑30英里。
He doesn’t do so well in the test as Mary. 他在测试中没有玛丽做得好。
②比较级副词 + than意为“比……更”，表示两者之间比较。如：
Ben gets up earlier than his lazy father. 本比他那个懒爸爸起床起的早。
They now live more happily than before. 他们现在比以前过得幸福。
③副词比较级 + 副词比较级，意为“越来越……”。如：
It snowed more and more heavily. 雪下得越来越大。
You work harder and harder. 你工作越来越努力了。
④the + 副词的比较级，the + 副词的比较级，意为“越……就越……”。如：
The more I see her, the less I like her. 我看到她越多，我越不喜欢她。
The faster you type, the more mistakes you will make.
你打字打得越快，你出的错也会越多。
⑤The + 副词的最高级 + 比较范围（三者或三者以上），意为“最……”。如：
Henry jumps highest of all the athletes. 亨利是所有运动员中跳得最高的。
He works hardest in his class. 他在班上学习最用功。
【注】在as, so, too, very, quite等词后，只用原级。如：
Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你教我们这么好。
Tom did very well in the long jump. 汤姆在跳远比赛中表现出色。
I got up too late this morning. 我今天起床太晚了。
He doesn’t write as / so carefully as his brother. 他写字不如他哥哥认真。
语法专项练习
一、根据句意，写出括号中所给词的正确形式。
1. She sang even than usual (差).
2. Mother asked her son to walk a bit (快).
3. Of all the novels I like this one (最).
4. Who do you think can jump (高) in your class?
5. Please send us the technical data as (快) as possible.
6. He should speak (少) and listen (多).
7. The (努力) you work, the (好) harvest you’ll have.
8. Please tell them not to play so (吵闹).
二、用下列方框中的动词的适当形式填空
miss, sweep, send, spend lie, have, write, return, look, drive
1. Last week he three worrying days until he found his wallet.
2. Please listen to the teacher carefully, or you the point of the talk.
3. The woman stopped the floor because she had something else to do.
4. The lost cat dead among the trees when they found it.
5. We are sure that China will be the third country in the world people into space.
6. All these magazines should to the library in two weeks.
7. Don’t you think the new dress makes you sister much younger?
8. His uncle his new car on the road from nine to eleven last Sunday.
9. The famous scientist five books on computers since 1989.
10. “Where are the teachers?” “They a meeting in the meeting-room.”
三、完形填空
In learning English, one should first pay attention to(注意) listening and speaking. It is the groundwork of reading and writing. You’d better try your best to speak while you do much listening. Don’t be afraid of making 1 . But he careful not to let them stop you from improving you English. 2 you are doing this ,a good way is to write “keep a diary, write notes or letters, then if you can, ask some others to go through 3 you have written and tell you where it is wrong. Many mistakes in your speaking will be 4 found when you write. Through correcting the mistakes, you can 5 learning English.
If you are slow in speaking, don’t worry. One of the helpful ways is 6 , either aloud or to yourself. The important thing is to choose 7 interesting to read. It mustn’t be too 8 for you. When you are reading in this way, don’t stop to look up the words if you can 9 their meanings when they have nothing important to 10 with the sentence. You can do that some other time.
( )1. A. faces B. friends C. mistakes D. sure
( )2. A. If B. While C. Before D. Till
( )3. A. how many B. what C. how long D. which
( )4. A. happily B. slowly C. hardly D. easily
( )5. A. do better in B. work hard at C. fall behind D. catch up with
( )6. A. speaking B. listening C. reading D. writing
( )7. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
( )8. A. easy B. difficult C. helpful D. popular
( )9. A. know B. guess C. find D. tell
( )10. A. do B. begin C. talk D. agree
参考答案
一、根据句意，写出括号中所给词的正确形式。
1. worse 2. faster 3. best 4. highest 5. soon
6. less; more 7. harder, better 8. noisily
二、用下列方框中的动词的适当形式填空
1. spent 2. will miss 3. sweeping 4. lay 5. to send
6. be returned 7. look 8. was driving 9. has written 10. are having
三、完形填空
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B
9. B 10. A