Unit 19 Period 3 Let’s study!
(Grammar Review Direct and Indirect Speech)
Goals
◆ Help the students to learn new words and phrases.
◆ Help the students to summarize the usage of the indirect speech.
Procedures
Leading in: by presentation.
Good morning, class. Yesterday we learned the first part of the play “The Merchant of Venice”. Now I want one of you to retell the story in your own words.
Task 1: Word study.
1. Turn to Word Study on page 69 and do the exercises.
2. Explain some words and phrases.
Task 2: Review Direct and Indirect Speech.
1. Now it’s time for us to review the Indirect Speech. First of all we will do some exercises. Please change the following sentences into indirect speech.
1) He said to me, “Don’t touch the machine”.
2) He said, “I will call on my uncle tomorrow”.
3) He said to me, “Did you see the play yesterday?”
4) He said to her, “How long have you had the car?”
2. Summing up. 直接引语和间接引语
一、 人称代词的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：第一人称→第三人称；第二人称→第一人称；第三人称→第三人称，简记为“二一、一三、三留三”。这些变化需要在实践中体验，才能熟练运用。如：
“I’m thinking of changing my address.”he said.→
He said that he was thinking of changing his address. (I 和he指同一人)
Xiao Ming asked me, “Are you going to the park with us?”→
Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us与them指相同的人，Xiao Ming是其中的一员；me和you指同一人)
Mr. Li said, “She will attend the meeting.”→
Mr. Li said that she would attend the meeting. (Mr. Li和she不是同一人)
但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。如：
I said to my children, “I will give you some presents on Christmas Day.”→
I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. (I为同一说话者)
二、 时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：
一般现在时→一般过去时，一般将来时→过去将来时，现在进行时→过去进行时，现在完成时→过去完成时，一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。如：
My father told me, “He will come back next week.”→
My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, “Did you finish your homework?”→She asked me of I had finished my homework.
要注意，直接引语属于下列情况时，时态不作变化：
1、 直接引语属真理或客观事实时：
The teacher said to us, “Light runs much faster than sound.”→
The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、 主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态：
The old man often says, “I joined the Red Army when I was young.”→
The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、 直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时：
The politics teacher said to us, “The party was founded in 1921.”→
The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、 直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better, would rather, 及need, must, ought to等时：He said to me, “I would rather live in the countryside.”→
He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、 直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时：
She said, “I would be happy if I were a bird.” →
She said that she would be happy if she were a bird.
三、 其它词语的变化
常见需要变化的词语列表如下：
直接引语 间接引语
this, these that, those
here there
now then
today, tonight that day, that night
this evening that evening
Last week the week before
tomorrow the next / following day
yesterday the day before
next week / month / year the next week / month / year
ago before
come go
Task 3: Doing grammar items in the book..
Closing up by doing exercises in the workbook.
Turn to your workbook. We will do some grammar exercises.
Unit 19 Period 4 Let’s read and write!
(THE MERCHANT OF VENICE 2)
Goals
◆ Provide the students with opportunities to develop their extensive reading skills.
◆ Enjoy the last part of the play “The Merchant of Venice”.
◆ Make the students practice in writing a short plays.
Procedures
Leading in: by brain storming.
Ask the students some questions about the first part of the play: Who wrote the play? How many characters are there in the play? Why was Antonio liked by everyone? What was Shylock? What do you think of him? Why did shylock refuse to have mercy on Antonio?
Task 1: Understanding of the last part of the play.
Now please read the last part of the play quickly to find the answer to this question: What happened to Shylock?
Key: He had to give half of his money to the city of Venice and promised to leave the other half of his money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.
Task 2: Discussing.
Now, let’s read the play carefully. After that we will discuss the following questions in groups:
What mustn’t Shylock take?
What did Shylock decide to take instead of the pound of flesh?
Why couldn’t he take the money instead?
What lessons can we learn from the play?
Keys:
1. Any blood
2. Three times the money that he was owed.
3. Because he only wanted right to be done.
4. Answers varied.
Task 3: Writing a play
See Writing on page 71.
Debate in groups.
Who do you think is the real mother? Give your reasons.
Write a short play based on the story. You can also find a good title for your play.
Task 4: Acting out your play in class.
Ask some students to play the roles of the King, two mothers, a soldiers and the children and act out in class.
Reading after class:
用英语表达各式各样的“钱”
初学英语的人，常用expense来表示一切“费用”。其实expense主要是“花费”、“开支”之意，如current expenses“日常开支”，sell-ingexpenses“销售费用”，travelling expenses“旅费”等等。在现实生活中，各种“费用”有各种不同的表达法：
Ⅰ、admission(n.)指入场费。
如：admission by ticket only凭票入场
Ⅱ、charge(n.)“原价、要价”。
常用复数，主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用，如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等等。
如：What are the charges in the hotel？
这家旅馆收费多少？
Ⅲ、cost(n.)本义为“成本”、“原价”。
常常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。
如：The cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一场电影要花七美元。
Ⅳ、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用。
如：All fares，please.
(公共汽车售票员用语)请买票。
Ⅴ、fee(n.)医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等。
如：My lawyer‘s hourly fee is 130 dollars.
我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。
Ⅵ、freight(n.)运费，指海运、空运、陆运的费用。
如：Who will pay the freight on this order？
谁支付这批定货的运费？