9 Health Care
Background: THE DISEASE
What is SARS?Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003, after first appearing in Southern China in November 2002.
What are the symptoms and signs of SARS?The illness usually begins with a high fever (measured temperature greater than 100.4°F [>38.0°C]). The fever is sometimes associated with chills or other symptoms, including headache, general feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also experience mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. Diarrhea is seen in approximately 10 percent to 20 percent of patients. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry, nonproductive cough that might be accompanied by or progress to a condition in which the oxygen levels in the blood are low (hypoxia). In 10 percent to 20 percent of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation. Most patients develop pneumonia.
What is the cause of SARS? SARS is caused by a previously unrecognized coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It is possible that other infectious agents might have a role in some cases of SARS.
How is SARS spread?The primary way that SARS appears to spread is by close person-to-person contact. SARS-CoV is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets and then touches his or her mouth, nose, or eye(s). In addition, it is possible that SARS-CoV might be spread more broadly through the air (airborne spread) or by other ways that are not now known.
What does "close contact" mean?Close contact is defined as having cared for or lived with a person known to have SARS or having a high likelihood of direct contact with respiratory secretions and/or body fluids of a patient known to have SARS. Examples include kissing or embracing, sharing eating or drinking utensils, close conversation (within 3 feet), physical examination, and any other direct physical contact between people. Close contact does not include activities such as walking by a person or briefly sitting across a waiting room or office.
If I were exposed to SARS-CoV, how long would it take for me to become sick?The time between exposure to SARS-CoV and the onset of symptoms is called the "incubation period." The incubation period for SARS is typically 2 to 7 days, although in some cases it may be as long as 10 days. In a very small proportion of cases, incubation periods of up to 14 days have been reported.
How long is a person with SARS infectious to others? Available information suggests that persons with SARS are most likely to be contagious only when they have symptoms, such as fever or cough. Patients are most contagious during the second week of illness. However, as a precaution against spreading the disease, CDC recommends that persons with SARS limit their interactions outside the home (for example, by not going to work or to school) until 10 days after their fever has gone away and their respiratory (breathing) symptoms have gotten better.
Is a person with SARS contagious before symptoms appear?To date, no cases of SARS have been reported among persons who were exposed to a SARS patient before the onset of the patient's symptoms.
What medical treatment is recommended for patients with SARS? CDC recommends that patients with SARS receive the same treatment that would be used for a patient with any serious community-acquired atypical pneumonia. SARS-CoV is being tested against various antiviral drugs to see if an effective treatment can be found.
If there is another outbreak of SARS, how can I protect myself? If transmission of SARS-CoV recurs, there are some common-sense precautions that you can take that apply to many infectious diseases. The most important is frequent hand washing with soap and water or use of an alcohol-based hand rub. You should also avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unclean hands and encourage people around you to cover their nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
GLOBAL SARS OUTBREAK, 2003
How many people contracted SARS worldwide during the 2003 outbreak? How many people died of SARS worldwide?During November 2002 through July 2003, a total of 8,098 people worldwide became sick with severe acute respiratory syndrome that was accompanied by either pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome (probable cases), according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Of these, 774 died. By late July 2003, no new cases were being reported, and WHO declared the global outbreak to be over. For more information on the global SARS outbreak of 2003, visit WHO's SARS website.
How many people contracted SARS in the United States during the 2003 outbreak? How many people died of SARS in the United States?In the United States, only eight persons were laboratory-confirmed as SARS cases. There were no SARS-related deaths in the United States. All of the eight persons with laboratory-confirmed SARS had traveled to areas where SARS-CoV transmission was occurring.
Teaching aims:
1.Goals:
Learn about health care
Practise expressing opinions and making decisions
Review the Subjunctive Mood (2)
Write a letter
2.Special focus:
Improve reading skills and enlarge vocabulary.
a.Direct Ss to read the 3 passages on the text book;
b.Guide Ss to learn to use the following words and expressions:
Medical insurance, poverty, unemployment, AIDS, housing, income, economic development, essential, desperate, fundamental, statistics, pressure, constant, allowance, re-employment, sacrifice, aggressive, intelligence, sense of responsibility, sympathy, willingness, observation, resident, laid-off, vow, mould, etc.
Reading A Helping Hand (p75)
Step 1 Lead in
1.Can you think of the situations where people need help?
Serious illness, jobless, accidents, wars, disasters…
2.While one is in such situations, which organization can help besides the people around him or her ?
The WHO together with the government.
Step 2 Listen and answer:
1.Was Wang Lin cured or not?
2. How much was spent on the poor people by 2003?
3.What is another big challenge for the government?
Step 3 Scanning
Read the passage and try to come up with the general idea of each paragraph. Then ask students to fill in the chart to see if they have got a general understanding of the whole passage.
Main Idea
Paragraph A A man suffering from a serious disease was unable to pay for treatment.
Paragraph B With a health care project’s help, Wang Lin’s disease was cured.
Paragraph C A new health project is aimed at exploring and developing a new health care model for China.
Paragraph D Many urban Chinese are living on money given by the government.
Paragraph E Millions of Chinese people in urban areas cannot afford proper health care.
Paragraph F Health care project is very important in our country’s efforts to fight poverty.
Paragraph G The Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS.
Paragraph H People must help each other if society is to develop and prosper.
Paragraph I Our country is working hard to fight poverty and improve health care.
The main idea of the passage: The Passage gives a brief introduction to the health care condition in our country, and it emphasizes on the efforts that our government is making to fight poverty and improve health care by giving examples of Wang Lin.
Step 4 Careful-reading
1.In what way is Wang Lin’s situation similar to that of other low-income families?
They all can only make ends meet on their low income, and if someone in their families becomes seriously ill, the family is forced into poverty, and has to ask for help from the government.
2. Why is medical insurance so important to low-income families?
Because medical insurance can provide easy access to hospitals and clinics for low-income families.
3. What is the government doing about AIDS in China?
Chinese government has vowed to provide free AIDS tests for the general public as well as free treatment for those who cannot afford the treatment fees. And we learn from news that our government has decided to control the number within 1.5 million before 2010.
4. What can we do to care for the weakest members of our society?
Our country decided to move forward without leaving anyone behind. Now we are taking measures, such as reducing poverty, helping sick people get treated properly and providing medical insurance for the poor. And we all know that the famous programme “Developing the West”, it is an important measure to put an end to poverty. Only by helping each other, can our country develop and prosper.
Step 5 Comprehension
Unemployment―poverty---bad housing condition/ no healthy diet/ cannot afford to purchase medical insurance/ no good education―AIDS/ accidents-- government programmes
Step 6. Post-reading
A. Choose the best answers:
1.Thanks to______, Wang Lin was able to receive a treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health. 答案：C
A. his son in college B. the insurance for his family
C. the health care project D. the kindness of his family and neighbors
2.According to the text, if Wang Lin had had______, the sickness wouldn’t have caused such a big problem. 答案：C
A. a good job B. a high income C. insurance D. a good doctor to consult
3.What’s the aim of new health care project? 答案：D
A. Helping people get rid of poverty.
B. Exploring and developing a new health care model for China.
C. Letting sick people treated properly.
D. Providing medical insurance for the poor.
4.According to the United Nations AIDS agency’s report, how many people will be infected by AIDS in China by 2002 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease? 答案：B
A.9 million. B.10 million. C.11 million. D.12 million.
5.In how many cities is the health project being treated?
A.4. B.5. C.10. D.14. 答案：A
6.The text “A Helping Hand” is mainly about______. 答案：C
A. millions of Chinese people in urban areas can’t afford proper health care
B. the Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS
C. a new health care project is being explored and developed in China
D. people must help each other if society is to develop and prosper
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with one to three words.
The poverty and the poor health care of low-income families The government’s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care
Low-income families cannot afford to pay for 1________, that is to say, they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor or 3______medicine. The government encourages health care form and reduces poverty by designing a health care project which provides poor patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly.
The Chinese government is working with other countries and international organizations to explore and develop a new 8_______ for China.
The government encourages people to 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work.
The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______
Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children.
Many low-income families cannot afford to 5_______.
Low-income families live on allowance 6____________.
Keys:1. medical treatment 2. consult 3.purchase/buy 4. a healthy diet 5. purchase medical insurance. 6. given by the government 7. half the cost 8. health care model 9. purchase medical insurance 10. tests and treatment
C. Answering the questions on P77.
Step 7 Homework
Finish all the exercises on Word Study and Grammar on p77-79.
Integrating Reading Skills The Little Mould That Could (P79)
Step 1. Scan the passage
A. find the main idea
Paragraph 1 Fleming was excited about his discovery, which he called Penicillin, but other scientists showed no interest.
Paragraph 2 Penicillin played a very important role during the World War II and at present as well.
Paragraph 3 Fleming discovered a mould that can kill bacteria by accident.
Paragraph 4 Health care in the past was often dangerous and risky.
Paragraph 5 Alexander Fleming invented many ways to treat the wounded during the World War I
B. answer after scanning the passage as quickly as possible.
1. What could the little mould do? The little mould that could treat/cure/fight infection.
2.Who discovered it? When was it discovered? In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered it
3.What is its name? It is called penicillin (In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin that could treat/cure/fight infection.)
Step 2 Careful reading
Choose the best answers:
1.Who discovered penicillin? 答案：B
A. Howard Walter Florey. B. Alexander Fleming.
C. Paul Ehrlich. D. Earnst Boris Chain.
2.It was not until_____that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized? 答案：B
A. World WarⅠ B. World WarⅡ C.1928 D.1929
3.When did Fleming receive the Nobel Prize with the two other scientists? 答案：D
A. In 1914. B. In 1928. C. In 1929. D. In 1945.
4.From Paragraph 4 of the text “The Little Mould That Could” we can see that Fleming was all the following except______. 答案：D
A. confident B. strong-willed C. hard-working D. kind and warm-hearted
Step 3. Read the passage again and retell the life experience of Fleming and how he discovered penicillin.
Alexander Fleming was a young doctor in the early 1900s when a German chemist developed a chemical treatment to cure an incurable disease. Fleming began using it in his clinic. Then in 1914, he had to go to the battlefield to treat wounded soldiers during World WarⅠ, when he invented many ways to treat the wounded. After returning from the war, he went on with the search for the
chemical because he believed it could treat infections. One day, he found a mould was growing in some old glass containers. To his surprise, the bacteria he had been growing had died. He believed that it was the mould, which later he called penicillin that killed the bacteria. Penicillin was a great
discovery. It played a very important role during World War Ⅱ and as well as at present time. Fleming was awarded Nobel Prize for his great discovery in 1945.
Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin
Phrases:
1.take measures to do sth.
2.a laid-off worker
3.have an income of
4.to make matters worse
5.take a bank loan
6.put extra pressure on the family
7.keep a healthy diet
8.live in poverty
9.make ends meet
10.look forward to
11.ready-made clothes
12.cure many diseases
13.a story of hard work
14.search for
15.clean up
16.in a good mood
17.set a goal
18.be effective in
Reading on P213 Angels In White (Florence Nightingale)
She is remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for the reform of the British military health-care system.
Main idea
Para.1 (Para1): Fear had gripped the nation when SARS broke out.
Parts2(Para2-7): Thanks to the quick and forceful action the country took and the sacrifices the health care staff made, SARS ended in he summer of 2003.
Part 3 (Para 8): We will never forget the “Angels in White”.
1. thanks to
owing to
because of
Thanks to your advice, I am keeping a healthy diet now.
Owing to the rain ,the match was cancelled.
2. as a result of （造成某种结果的）原因
as a result 结果是
result from 因…的结果发生
result in 结果是
She won the scholarship as a result of her hard work.
Illness often results from poverty.
I’m sure the government’s efforts to stop the spread of AIDS will result in success.
3．despite =in spite of 尽管；不管；纵使
Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.
Sir Fleming remained modest despite his achievements.
4. as is (was) the case with… 与…情况一样
He is late again this morning, as is often the case.
知识归纳
abuse咒．滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.1.) 滥用,妄用 He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。 2.) 辱骂;毁谤 You are always abusing and offending people.你总是出言不逊得罪人。 3.) 虐待,伤害 Those captives were physically abused. 那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残。 n.1.) 滥用,妄用[C][U] There is no freedom that is not open to abuse. 任何自由都可能被滥用。 2.) 辱骂[U] She greeted me with a stream of abuse.她一见我就吐出一连串的污言秽语。 3.) 虐待;伤害[U] Child abuse is widespread in this country.这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
[举例](1)an abuse of trust辜负别人的信任
(2)The prisoners were treated with abuse．囚犯受到虐待。
(3)He greeted me with a stream of abuse．他一见到我就不停地谩骂。
[搭配]greet sb．with a steam of abuse一见某人就破口大骂
shower abuse on sb．大骂某人
[拓展]abuse可作及物动词，滥用；虐待；辱骂
(1)1 won’t allow you to abuse that dog．我不允许你虐待那条狗。
(2)Don’t abuse your power／position．不要滥用你的权力／地位。
(3)Don’t abuse your eyes．不要过度用眼。，
2．outbreak n．爆发；突然发生
[用法]outbreak指战争、暴动、疾病等的发生，爆发；(怒气等的)爆发，常与of连用。
[举例]an outbreak of disease／insects／fighting疾病的突然蔓延／虫害的突然出现／战争的爆发
3．1ay off解雇；不理会；使下岗
[举例]They laid US off for three months．他们把我们暂时解雇了三个月。
[拓展]lay off停止工作或活动；休息；停止做惹人生气或烦恼之事
[举例](1)The doctor told me to lay off for a month．医生要我休息一星期。
(2)I hear you’ve been pestering my sister again―well，you can just lay off．
我听说你又去纠缠我妹妹了――哼，你不可再去缠她了。
[记忆]lay-off，n．工人被暂时解雇期间，下岗。
4．at the cost of以……的价格；以……为代价
[举例](1)He had the dictionary at the cost of one hundred yuan．
他以100元的价格得到了那本字典。
(2)The game was at the cost of two players injure．
比赛获胜了，但却付出了两名队员受伤的代价。
(3)We are determined to get our rights at all costs．
我们决心不惜一切代价得到我们的权利。
[记忆]at all costs／at any costs不惜代价，不计任何牺牲，无论如何
count the cost行动之前考虑得失，考虑后果或不利之处
to one’s cost对某人有损失／不利，使某人受累
5．make matters worse情况更加困难或更危险
[用法]make matters worse相当于what is worse，相当于一个副词，意为“更糟的是”，亦可写成to make matters worse或(to)make the matter worse，往往在上文中要陈述一种或几种困难或危险，然后再作进一步的陈述。
[举例lit got dark，and what was worse，it began to rain．天黑了，而更糟的是，开始下起雨来了。
6．hopeless adj．没有希望的；令人绝望的；不可救药的
[举例](1)a hopeless case无希望的情况
(2)a hopeless illness绝症
(3)hopeless tears绝望的眼泪
(4)The doctor said Ann’s illness was hopeless．医生说安的病情是医治不好的。
[拓展]hopeless(非正式用法)无用的
[举例Your work is hopeless，and so are you．你的工作一无是处，你这个人也是如此。-
[记忆]hopelessly adv．hopelessness n．
7．get／be rid of摆脱；解脱；除去
[用法]get rid of常指摆脱疾病，麻烦或一切不太好的东西或事情，意为“除去，去掉，除掉，扔掉，驱逐”等。
[举例](1)These shoes are difficult to get rid of．这些鞋子很难卖掉。
(2)I have not got rid of my bad cold yet．我的重感冒还没有好。
(3)How can we get rid of this unwelcome visitor?
我们怎样才能摆脱这位不受欢迎的客人呢?
[拓展]be rid of与get rid of同义，多用于表状态。
[举例](1)we were glad to be rid of our overcoats．我们很高兴脱掉了外套。
(2)I am rid of debt now．我现在已还清我的债务了。
8．consult vt．&v／．向……咨询；查阅vt.1.) 与...商量 I’ll do nothing without consulting you. 我采取行动之前一定和你商量。 2.) 找(医生)看病;请教 He went to town to consult his doctor.他进城去看医生。 3.) 查阅(词典、参考书等) He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech. 他讲演时不断看他的笔记本。 vi.1.) 商议,磋商[(+with)] We will consult together about her education.我们将一起商议她的教育事宜。 2.) 当顾问[(+for)] The retired executive consults for several large companies. 那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。
[举例](1)Have you consulted your doctor about your illness? 关于你的病情，你找你的医生看过了吗? (2)to consult one’s lawyer／a map／the dictionary咨询律师／查阅地图／查字典
[拓展]consult还可作“考虑；顾及”之义。(现多用consider)
[举例]We must consult his convenience．我们必须顾及他的方便。
9．Pressure n. 压力n.1.) 压;按;挤;榨[U]The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.小盒子被这本厚厚的书压扁了。2.) 压力;压迫;紧迫;催促[U][C]He works well under pressure.他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。3.) 困扰;艰难[U]These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.这些老人不习惯现代生活的紧张压力。
[举例](1)Is he suffering from pressure of work?他目前是不是受到工作的压力?
(2)the pressure of a famous person做名人的压力
[搭配]at high／low pressure紧张地／悠闲地
put／bring pressure on／upon对……施加压力
under the pressure of在……的逼迫／压力下
[举例](1)The class are preparing for the final exam at high pressure．
全班同学都在紧张地准备期末考试。
(2)They put／brought pressure on me to sell my precious land．
他们给我施加压力要卖掉宝贵的土地。
[拓展]pressure也可作及物动词，相当于press，常见的结构有pressure sb．into doing sth．／to do sth．强迫某人做某事。
10．nationwide adj．＆adv．遍及全国的(地)；全国性的(地)
[举例a nationwide broadcast全国性广播-
[记忆]nation n．国家；民族 ’
national adj．国家的；民族的
nationality n．国籍
native adj．本国的；本土的
11．incident n．事情；(政治性)事件；(引起公众注意的)事件
[举例](1) In a recent incident tWO bombs exploded．在最近发生的事件中，两枚炸弹爆炸了。
(2)He told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school．
他给我讲述了他上学头一天的一件事。
(3)the July 7th Incident of 1937 1937年的七七(卢沟桥)事变
(4)frontier incidents 边界纠纷
[辨析]incident偶发的，通常不太重要的事件；
accident意外的，偶发的，恶性的事件／事故
event重大的，引人瞩目的事件
12．significance意义；意思；重要性
[举例](1)understand the significance of a remark了解某句话的意义
(2)a look of deep significance含意深刻的一瞥
(3)an industry of great significance to the country对国家极为重要的一项工业
[记忆]反义词insignificance
Significant adj．有特殊意义的；有含义的；重要的
signification n．意义；含义
significative adj．提供证据的；有意义的
13．Devotion n．献身；忠心；热爱；专心 n.1.) 献身;奉献[U][(+to)] We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。 His devotion to science is well known.他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。 2.) 忠诚;挚爱,热爱[U][(+to/for)]devotion to music 热爱音乐
[用法]devotion与其动词devote一样，常与介词to连用，后接献身，奉献的对象。
[举例](1)The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying．
太多的时间花在运动上，留给学习的时间就太少了。
(2)the spirit of utter devotion to others without any thought of self
毫不利己，专门利人的精神
(3)devotion to duty忠于职守
[拓展]devote(to) v. 献身；致力于，把……专用于……
devoted adj．忠诚的；挚爱的；关心的
devotee n．仰慕者；热爱……的人
[举例](1)He has devoted his life to helping blind people．他把毕生奉献给帮助盲人的事业。
(2)She is devoted to her children．她热爱她的子女。
(3)a devotee of Bach／sport热心巴赫音乐的人／体育迷
15．aggressive adj．有进取心的；过分自信的；好斗的
[举例](1)If you want to be successful in business，you must be aggressive．
如果你想要生意成功就一定要有闯劲。
(2)He’s very aggressive，he’s always arguing．．他好找碴儿，总是同别人争论
16.insurance n.1.) 保险;保险契约[U] 保险业[U] I found a job selling insurance.我找到一份推销保险的工作。 She works in insurance.她从事保险业。 2.) 保险金额;赔偿金[U][(+on)] He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first. 他有十万美元的人寿保险,如果他先去世,他的妻子将得到这笔钱。 3.) 预防措施;安全保证[U][S1][(+against)] I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against burglary.我买了一些新锁具以进一步防止盗窃。 4.) 保险费[U] The insurance on my house is very high.我的房屋保险费很高。allowance n.1.) 津贴,补贴;零用钱[C]The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.
这孩子每星期有五元零用钱。2.) 分配额;允许额[C] His allowance for food is $100.他拨出一百美元用于购买食物。3.) 承认;允许[U] the allowance of a claim对要求权的允准4.) 认可;容忍[C][U]the allowance of segregation对种族隔离的容忍17.fee n.1.) (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C] I’m afraid I can’t afford the doctor’s fee.恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。 2.) 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C] They charge a small registration fee.他们收一点注册费。 3.) 赏金,小帐[C] vt.付费(或小帐)给 She feed the waiter.她付给侍者小费。18.significance n.1.) 重要性, 重要[U] The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance.他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。 2.) 意义, 含义; 意思[U][S] He did not understand the significance of my wink. 他没有领会我眨眼的意思。
知识网络
1.abuse n.& vt.滥用，虐待，辱骂
（1）［U］对某物（某人）的滥用、妄用或虐待
drug abuse滥用麻醉药品
child abuse虐待儿童
（2）［C］不正当的习俗，恶习，弊端
put an end to abuses 废止不正当的习俗
（3）vt.滥用，妄用，误用
Don’t abuse your authority.
不要滥用你的权威。
2.insurance n.保险，保险业，保险费
（1）［U］保险费,保险金额
When her husband died,she received $20 000 insurance.
她丈夫去世后，她得到两万美圆的保险金。
He pays out $100 in insurance every year.
他每年付保险费100美圆。
（2）［C］保险
insurance policy 保险单
How many insurances have you?
你入了多少种保险？
3.lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗
（1）（尤指生意萧条时临时性的）解雇（雇员）
During the recession they laid us off for three months.
在营业衰退时期，他们停雇了我们三个月。
（2）停止工作或活动，休息
The doctor told me to lay off for a week.
医生要我休息一星期。
4.income n. 收入
Half of our income goes on rent.
我们收入的一半花在房租上了。
a private income私人所得
income tax（个人）所得税
5.make matters worse使情况更困难或更危险
（1）to make matters worse
=what’s worse
=worse still
=to make things worse
=even worse
（2）插入语的其他常见形式
what’s more而且，另外
in other words换句话说
by the way顺便说一下
all in all 总而言之
on the other hand另一方面
in short 简而言之
judging from... 从……方面来判断
generally speaking 通常来讲
to tell you the truth 实话告诉你
to be honest 诚实讲
6.get rid of （1）摆脱，丢掉
I’ve tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.
为治好感冒，我已经试用了各种药物。
（2）除去，消灭，赶走
How can we get rid of all these flies in the kitchen?
我们怎样才能把厨房里的这些苍蝇统统消灭掉呢？
He just sat there talking all the evening and I couldn’t get rid of him.
他就在那里坐着谈了整整一个晚上，我无法把他请走。
7.pressure n. 压力
（1）有力的影响，劝说，压力
He only agreed to do it under pressure from his parents.
他是在父母的压力下才同意去做这件事的。
We’re trying to put pressure on the government to change the law.
我们试图对政府施加压力使其改变这一法令。
He only agreed to leave the country under pressure.
他是在压力下才同意出国的。
（2）［C］［U］紧迫感，压迫感
I’d like to help out,but I really haven’t got time―pressure of work,you know!
我是愿意帮忙的，但是我实在没有时间――工作压力太大，你知道！
8.consult with 向……咨询;查阅
（1）v.查阅（书籍等），（向专业人员等）咨询，请教
to consult a dictionary查阅字典
to consult a lawyer向律师咨询
Have you consulted a doctor about your disease?
你找医生看过你的病吗？
（2）consult with（很少用被动语态）与……交换意见，与……协商
Before we can accept the management’s offer we must consult with the workers again.
我们在接受投资方提出的提议以应前再同工人们商量商量。
9.depend on（1）相信，依赖，凭靠（某人）
You can’t depend on John―he nearly always arrives late.
你可不能依靠约翰――他几乎总是迟到。
（2）depend on sb. to do/doing sth.相信某人做某事
We’re depending on you to finish the job/on you finishing the job by Friday.
我们相信你在星期五以前可以完成这项工作。
（3）依靠，依赖（尤指钱）
The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.
国家（的经济）在很大程度上依靠其旅游业。
（4）视……而定
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
付出多少要视你住在哪里而定。
（5）That depends.=It all depends.
（口语）要看情况而定。
10.prevent
（1）阻止；妨碍（常常构成固定搭配 prevent ...from,from在主动语态中可省略）
prevent sb.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
be prevented from doing sth. 被阻止做某事
Nothing could prevent him（from）going there.
什么事也不能阻止他去那儿。
（2）防止；预防
prevent war 防止战争
prevent disease预防疾病
11.aim （1）v.（将武器等）瞄准，对准……（以便射击）
I aimed at the door but hit the window.
我对准门射击，不料打中了窗子。
（2）针对
The programme aimed at young teenagers.
这项计划是针对十几岁的少年制订的。
（3）致力于……，打算
The factory must aim at/for increased productions.
工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。
（4）aim to do sth.
He aims to be a successful writer.
他的目标是要成为一个成功的作家。
（5）aim n.目标，目的，意图
What’s your aim in life?
你的生活目标是什么？
The aim of the meeting was to reach agreement about next year’s prices.
会议的目的是要就明年的价格达成协议。
12.vow发誓，起誓；swear (swore, sworn) 极其认真、明确或郑重地说或允诺；（使某人）就（某事）宣誓
In order to meet this challenge, the Chinese government has vowed to provide free AIDS tests for the general public as well as free treatment. She swore that she had never seen it.
Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it?
Witnesses have to swear on Bible (to tell the truth).
发散思维
1.cure
（1）v.治愈（病人）
This medicine will cure you of your cough.
这种药会治好你的咳嗽。
（2）药；药剂
There’s still no cure for the common cold.
目前仍没有治愈感冒的药。
知识拓展：treat v.治疗，医治
My sister is being treated for a heart condition.
我姐姐正在接受心脏病治疗。
注意：医生治疗病人用treat,如果表示开药、指定特别食物、指导做运动等的具体治疗活动方式则用give treatment,如果用cure就表示治好了病人。
2.as a result 结果
as a/the result（of）由于……的结果
result from 是……的后果，是……的结果
result in（无被动语态）导致，造成
I forget to take my umbrella,as a result,I was wet all over.
我忘记带雨伞了，所以全身都湿透了。
As a result of the rain,I was late.
雨太大，所以我来晚了。
The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.
这次严重的事故是由他粗心造成的。
His attempt resulted in failure.
他的企图以失败告终。
Important sentences:
Three months later, however, Wang Lin was told about a health care project that provides treatment at half the cost or less, depending on the needs of the patient.
The project that saved Wang Lin’s life is one of the many government programmes aimed at improving the situation for the poorest people in China.
The government’s efforts to fight poverty and improve health care cover several aspects, reducing poverty, helping sick people get treated properly and providing medical insurance for the poor.
It was not until World War II that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized.
单句改错
1.去掉about 2. life 改为lives3.value改为valuing4. over前加was5. naming改为named
6.去掉was broken 改为broke7. her改为whose 8. don’t改为not 或don’t 后加 you
9. fact后加that10. playing后加with
Unit 9 Health Care
A. Choose the best answers:
1.Thanks to______, Wang Lin was able to receive a treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health.
A. his son in college B. the insurance for his family
C. the health care project D. the kindness of his family and neighbors
2.According to the text, if Wang Lin had had______, the sickness wouldn’t have caused such a big problem.
A. a good job B. a high income C. insurance D. a good doctor to consult
3.What’s the aim of new health care project?
A. Helping people get rid of poverty.
B. Exploring and developing a new health care model for China.
C. Letting sick people treated properly.
D. Providing medical insurance for the poor.
4.According to the United Nations AIDS agency’s report, how many people will be infected by AIDS in China by 2002 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease?
A.9 million. B.10 million. C.11 million. D.12 million.
5.In how many cities is the health project being treated?
A.4. B.5. C.10. D.14.
6.The text “A Helping Hand” is mainly about______.
A. millions of Chinese people in urban areas can’t afford proper health care
B. the Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS
C. a new health care project is being explored and developed in China
D. people must help each other if society is to develop and prosper
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with one to three words.
The poverty and the poor health care of low-income families The government’s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care
Low-income families cannot afford to pay for 1________, that is to say, they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor or 3______medicine. The government encourages health care form and reduces poverty by designing a health care project which provides poor patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly.
The Chinese government is working with other countries and international organizations to explore and develop a new 8_______ for China.
The government encourages people to 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work.
The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______
Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children.
Many low-income families cannot afford to 5_______.
Low-income families live on allowance 6____________.
1.Who discovered penicillin?
A. Howard Walter Florey. B. Alexander Fleming.
C. Paul Ehrlich. D. Earnst Boris Chain.
2.It was not until_____that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized?
A. World WarⅠ B. World WarⅡ C.1928 D.1929
3.When did Fleming receive the Nobel Prize with the two other scientists?
A. In 1914. B. In 1928. C. In 1929. D. In 1945.
4.From Paragraph 4 of the text “The Little Mould That Could” we can see that Fleming was all the following except______.
A. confident B. strong-willed C. hard-working D. kind and warm-hearted
单句改错
下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。
1.They discussed about the matter with each other.
2.About 200 people lost their life in the fire.
3.We should form the habit of value time.
4.When the party over, we took the notebooks by mistake.
5.One day an English girl naming Jane came to the airport and sang by chance.
6.The Second World War was broken out in 1939.
7.The girl, her mother was badly hurt, hurried to hospital.
8.Why don’t ask the police for help when you are in trouble?
9.In some places, if you take notice, you will see the fact most smokers are young people.
10.The youngest child was playing his new toy car when a woman came in.